Connect with us

Fitness

The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review – BMC Public Health

Published

on

The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review – BMC Public Health

  • Vaduganathan M, Mensah GA, Turco JV, Fuster V, Roth GA. The Global Burden of Cardiovascular diseases and Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(25):2361–71.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lindstrom M, DeCleene N, Dorsey H, Fuster V, Johnson CO, LeGrand KE, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and risks collaboration, 1990–2021. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(25):2372–425.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Smith KB, Smith MS. Obesity statistics. Prim Care: Clin Office Pract. 2016;43(1):121–35.

  • Koliaki C, Dalamaga M, Liatis S. Update on the obesity epidemic: after the sudden rise, is the Upward Trajectory beginning to Flatten? Curr Obes Rep. 2023.

  • Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, et al. The impact of obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:3407306.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lovren F, Teoh H, Verma S. Obesity and atherosclerosis: mechanistic insights. Can J Cardiol. 2015;31(2):177–83.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Henning RJ. Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity. Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;11(4):504–29.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barkas F, Sener YZ, Golforoush PA, Kheirkhah A, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Novak J, et al. Advancements in risk stratification and management strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2024;395:117579.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • De Lorenzo A, Gratteri S, Gualtieri P, Cammarano A, Bertucci P, Di Renzo L. Why primary obesity is a disease? J Translational Med. 2019;17(1):169.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Piché M-E, Poirier P, Lemieux I, Després J-P. Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity and body Fat distribution to Cardiovascular Disease: an update. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;61(2):103–13.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Després J-P. Body Fat distribution and risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2012;126(10):1301–13.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7.

  • Khaleghi MM, Jamshidi A, Afrashteh S, Emamat H, Farhadi A, Nabipour I, et al. The association of body composition and fat distribution with hypertension in community-dwelling older adults: the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2001.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hassan NE, El Hussieny MS, Rasheed EA, El-Masry SA. Dispersal of Abdominal visceral; Subcutaneous, visceral to subcutaneous adiposity ratio and metabolic syndrome in a sample of obese egyptians. Eur J Clin Med. 2021;2(6):24–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kaess BM, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Murabito J, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat, a metric of body fat distribution, is a unique correlate of cardiometabolic risk. Diabetologia. 2012;55(10):2622–30.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kahn D, Macias E, Zarini S, Garfield A, Zemski Berry K, MacLean P, et al. Exploring visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue secretomes in human obesity: implications for metabolic disease. Endocrinology. 2022;163(11):bqac140.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sato F, Maeda N, Yamada T, Namazui H, Fukuda S, Natsukawa T, et al. Association of Epicardial, visceral, and subcutaneous fat with cardiometabolic diseases. Circ J. 2018;82(2):502–8.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Karlsson T, Rask-Andersen M, Pan G, Höglund J, Wadelius C, Ek WE, et al. Contribution of genetics to visceral adiposity and its relation to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Nat Med. 2019;25(9):1390–5.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen P, Hou X, Hu G, Wei L, Jiao L, Wang H, et al. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a favorable adipose depot for diabetes? Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):1–11.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Porter SA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Vasan RS, O’Donnel CJ, Fox CS. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a protective fat depot? Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1068–75.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Narumi H, Yoshida K, Hashimoto N, Umehara I, Funabashi N, Yoshida S, et al. Increased subcutaneous fat accumulation has a protective role against subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects undergoing general health screening. Int J Cardiol. 2009;135(2):150–5.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pescatori LC, Savarino E. Quantification of visceral adipose tissue by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: reproducibility and accuracy. 2019;52(1):1–6.

  • Oh YH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH. Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio as a predictor of the multiple metabolic risk factors for subjects with normal waist circumference in Korea. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obesity: Targets Therapy. 2017;10:505–11.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang F-H, Meng L-Y, Yu T-Y, Tan Y, Quan H, Hu J-Y, et al. Associations of abdominal visceral fat content and plasma adiponectin level with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a cross-sectional study. Front Neurol. 2022;13:893401.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pereira-Manfro W, de Lima G, Nogueira Neto J, Portugal M, Milagres L, Bezerra F et al. Association between visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and plasma inflammatory markers and score for cardiovascular risk prediction in a Brazilian cohort: Pró-Saúde Study. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021;54.

  • Okada K, Hibi K, Honda Y, Fitzgerald PJ, Tamura K, Kimura K. Association between abdominal fat distribution and coronary plaque instability in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Nutr Metabolism Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30(7):1169–78.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Farkas GJ, Gorgey AS, Dolbow DR, Berg AS, Gater DR. Sex dimorphism in the distribution of adipose tissue and its influence on proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles in motor complete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019;42(4):430–6.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Matthew JP, Joanne EM, Patrick MB, Isabelle B, Tammy CH, Cynthia DM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Wells G, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale cohort studies. University of Ottawa; 2014.

  • Hyoungseob Y, Jae Yoon K, Yu Min L, Mo-Yeol K. Occupational risk factors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms among female workers: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med. 2023;80(5):288.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ishikawa J, Haimoto H, Hoshide S, Eguchi K, Shimada K, Kario K. An increased visceral-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio is associated with difficult-to-treat hypertension in men. J Hypertens. 2010;28(6):1340–6.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu JY, Choi WJ, Lee HS, Lee JW. Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults an observational study. Med (United States). 2019;98(9).

  • Abe Y, Urakami T, Hara M, Yoshida K, Mine Y, Aoki M et al. The characteristics of abdominal fat distribution in Japanese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2019:2281-8.

  • Chiyanika C, Wong VW-S, Wong GL-H, Chan HL-Y, Hui SC, Yeung DK et al. Implications of abdominal adipose tissue distribution on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome: a Chinese general population study. Clin Translational Gastroenterol. 2021;12(2).

  • Aoqui C, Cuppari L, Kamimura MA, Canziani M. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with coronary artery calcification in male patients with chronic kidney disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(6):610–4.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oike M, Yokokawa H, Fukuda H, Haniu T, Oka F, Hisaoka T, et al. Association between abdominal fat distribution and atherosclerotic changes in the carotid artery. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2014;8(5):e448–58.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gast KB, den Heijer M, Smit JW, Widya RL, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, et al. Individual contributions of visceral fat and total body fat to subclinical atherosclerosis: the NEO study. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241(2):547–54.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bouchi R, Takeuchi T, Akihisa M, Ohara N, Nakano Y, Nishitani R, et al. High visceral fat with low subcutaneous fat accumulation as a determinant of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015;14:1–7.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Higuchi S, Kabeya Y, Kato K. Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio is independently related to small and large cerebrovascular lesions even in healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2017;259:41–5.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Glesby MJ, Hanna DB, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Yin MT, Kaplan R et al. Abdominal fat depots and subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in women with and without HIV infection. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2018;77(3):308.

  • Yoshida T, Hashimoto M, Kawahara R, Yamamoto H, Tanaka M, Ito H, et al. Non-obese visceral adiposity is associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int. 2018;38(9):1679–89.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bogorodskaya M, Fitch KV, Lu M, Torriani M, Zanni MV, Looby SE, et al. Measures of adipose tissue redistribution and atherosclerotic coronary plaque in HIV. Obesity. 2020;28(4):749–55.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kunimura A, Ishii H, Uetani T, Harada K, Hirayama K, Harata S, et al. Impact of adipose tissue composition on cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2016;251:206–12.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Figueroa AL, Takx RA, MacNabb MH, Abdelbaky A, Lavender ZR, Kaplan RS, et al. Relationship between measures of adiposity, arterial inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular events. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(4):e004043.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kamimura MA, Carrero J, Canziani M, Watanabe R, Lemos M, Cuppari L. Visceral obesity assessed by computed tomography predicts cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients. Nutr Metabolism Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(9):891–7.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ladeiras-Lopes R, Sampaio F, Bettencourt N, Fontes-Carvalho R, Ferreira N, Leite-Moreira A, et al. The ratio between visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat assessed by computed tomography is an independent predictor of mortality and cardiac events. Revista Española De Cardiología (English Edition). 2017;70(5):331–7.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fukuda T, Bouchi R, Takeuchi T, Nakano Y, Murakami M, Minami I, et al. Ratio of visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Invest. 2018;9(2):396–402.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Miura Y, Higuchi S, Matsushita K, Kariyasu T, Machida H, Yokoyama K, et al. Clinical impact of visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio in patients with acute aortic dissection. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(12):e0226642.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu C-A, Liu T, Ruan G-T, Ge Y-Z, Song M-M, Xie H-L, et al. The relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidities in obese people: based on NHANES 2011–2018. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14:1114963.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gao Y, Wang Y-C, Lu C-Q, Zeng C, Chang D, Ju S. Correlations between the abdominal fat-related parameters and severity of coronary artery disease assessed by computed tomography. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2018;8(6):579.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Otagiri K, Machida K, Itagaki T, Takeuchi T, Tsujinaka Y, Yui H, et al. Predictive value of Abdominal Fat distribution on coronary artery Disease Severity stratified by computed tomography-derived SYNTAX score. Am J Cardiol. 2021;150:32–9.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wibmer AG, Dinh PC Jr, Travis LB, Chen C, Bromberg M, Zheng J, et al. Associations of body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk of testicular cancer survivors after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2022;6(4):pkac030.

  • Goff DC Jr., Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D’Agostino RB, Gibbons R, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S49–73.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Geng Y, Li Q, Wang H, Wang F, Xue R, Zhang S. Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose–response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(9):1420–30.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 update: a Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(9):e139–596.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guglin M. The fiction of the obesity paradox. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):4199.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Goossens GH. The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat distribution, and adipose tissue function. Obes Facts. 2017;10(3):207–15.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ibrahim MM. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Reviews: Official J Int Association Study Obes. 2010;11(1):11–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee JJ, Pedley A, Hoffmann U, Massaro JM, Levy D, Long MT. Visceral and Intrahepatic Fat Are Associated with cardiometabolic risk factors above other ectopic Fat depots: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Med. 2018;131(6):684–e9212.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Neeland IJ, Ross R, Després JP, Matsuzawa Y, Yamashita S, Shai I, et al. Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):715–25.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee JJ, Pedley A, Therkelsen KE, Hoffmann U, Massaro JM, Levy D, et al. Upper Body Subcutaneous Fat is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk factors. Am J Med. 2017;130(8):958–e661.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Abraham TM, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Association between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk factors. Circulation. 2015;132(17):1639–47.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McLaughlin T, Lamendola C, Liu A, Abbasi F. Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(11):E1756–60.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yeoh AJ, Pedley A, Rosenquist KJ, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. The Association between Subcutaneous Fat Density and the propensity to Store Fat Viscerally. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(8):E1056–64.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu J, Fox CS, Hickson DA, May WD, Hairston KG, Carr JJ, et al. Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(12):5419–26.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mittal B. Subcutaneous adipose tissue & visceral adipose tissue. Indian J Med Res. 2019;149(5):571–3.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sharma M, Aggarwal S, Nayar U, Vikram NK, Misra A, Luthra K. Differential expression of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) in visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots of morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery in a tertiary care center in north India; SNP analysis and correlation with metabolic profile. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome. 2021;15(3):981–6.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Berry MG, Davies D, Liposuction. A review of principles and techniques. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2011;64(8):985–92.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Continue Reading